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蒙古包

蒙古包是蒙古人居住的房子,也是蒙古建筑文化的重要组成部分。蒙古的建筑和其他文化一样,具有鲜明的民族与地区特色。蒙古包由天窗,支柱,顶杆,围墙,门等部分构成。结构简单,搭拆方便。适于搬迁是蒙古包的最大特点,十分适应草原游牧生活的需要。天窗具有通风,采光,辨别时辰等功能。顶杆连接天窗和围墙。围墙是以木条加牛皮绳制成的可以伸缩的网状编壁。

天窗是蒙古包内唯一可以透光的地方。顶杆上覆顶毡,围墙围以围毡,包内地面铺设地毡,可开可闭。包门通常都雕绘有精美图案,整个蒙古包的外观通常为白色,装饰各种民族图案。

白色为吉祥圣洁的颜色。蒙古包的内最神圣,受尊敬的地方,是面对正门靠背的“贺伊眸尔”处。在这里,它们放置神龛,武器,马头琴及最可贵的物品等。通常在这里也会摆置两个颜色鲜艳的橘红色木柜。在柜子上放着家人的玉照,或是特别值得显耀的物件等。

当风大时候,蒙古牧民们从天窗上悬吊一根绑着重物的绳子,以便保持蒙古包的稳定性。

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